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The Banjarese (, Jawi script: اورڠ بنجر; ) or simply Banjar, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Banjar Region (notably Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, etc.) in the South Kalimantan regions of Indonesia. Nowadays, Banjarese diaspora can be found in neighbouring Banjar regions as well; including Kotabaru Regency, the southeastern regions of Central Kalimantan, southernmost regions of East Kalimantan, and some provinces of Indonesia in general. The Banjarese diaspora community also can be found in neighbouring countries of Indonesia, such as Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor with significant minorities in Sabah), and Singapore.
In the 14th century, Empu Jatmika migrating from Keling, Kediri Kingdom built the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Dipa by the river of Tapin.ISBN 978-981-4155-67-0 Which later came to be ruled under Majapahit's Rajasa dynasty. This was the start of the Javanese people-style courts in South Kalimantan. This Hindu era in South Kalimantan remained influential period in South Kalimantan's history. Negara Dipa was succeeded by the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Daha in the 15th century.
According to history, Prince Samudera, the rightful heir to the kingdom of Negara Daha, was forced to flee the court of because of his uncle's revolt against him. He was accepted by the people of Bandar Masih (Bandar: port, Masih: Malay people). Supported by the Sultanate of Demak in Java, he formed a new Islamic Banjar Kingdom in 1526 with Bandar Masih as its capital. The name of Bandar Masih was later changed to its present name Banjarmasin.
Since the 19th century, migration of the Banjarese people went as far as the east coast of Sumatra and Malaysia. In Malaysia and Singapore, Banjarnese people are classified as part of the Ethnic Malay.
| Parnyatan Hak Urang Barataan |
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| Sagala urang hiput babar lik sapala awak barataan. Urang sanyaan dibari nugaraha baakal maigungakan, handak bakawalan nang mambawa sumangat sapaadingan. |
One example is the baayun anak tradition, which in the past was a child-blessing ritual for Kaharingan followers involving the recitation of Balian mantras. Today, in the Islamic Banjar tradition, baayun anak no longer uses Balian mantras but instead involves the recitation of Quranic verses and salawat for the Prophet Muhammad.
The Banjar have a cultural practice of putting Infant sleep in an upright sling made of tied fabric. The practice is called "bapukung." (2025). 9782494069077 ISBN 9782494069077
Banjar traditional houses have distinct styles and carvings that began to develop before 1871 and continued until 1935. Among the various types of Banjar houses, the Bubungan Tinggi type holds the highest status and is the most well-known, as it was once the residence of the king. Today, Bubungan Tinggi remains the iconic traditional house of the Banjar people.
Madihin is derived from the Arabic word madah (ﻤﺪﺡ), meaning praise. It is an anonymous folk poetry form that serves as entertainment, delivered orally or in written form in the Banjar language, adhering to specific physical and mental structures according to the conventions of Banjar folklore in South Kalimantan. Meanwhile, Lamut is a storytelling tradition that conveys messages and values related to Banjar religion, society, and culture. Lamut originated in China and was initially performed in the Chinese language. However, after being introduced to the Banjar region by Chinese traders, the language was adapted to the Banjar language.
The difference is that lenong has evolved with the times, whereas mamanda tends to follow a monotonous storyline centered around a royal court. In m amanda, the characters are fixed, such as the Raja, Perdana Menteri, Mangkubumi, Wazir, Panglima Perang, Harapan Pertama , Harapan Kedua, Khadam (Clown/Adjutant), Permaisuri, and Sandut (Putri). These characters must appear in every performance. To keep things fresh, additional characters are often introduced, such as the Raja dari Negeri Seberang, Perompak, Jin, Kompeni, and other supporting characters to enrich the story.
It is believed that the term mamanda was used because, in the play, the characters such as the Wazir, Menteri, and Mangkubumi are addressed by the Raja as pamanda or mamanda. Mamanda etymologically comes from the word "mama" ( mamarina), meaning uncle in the Banjar language, and “nda”, which means honorable. Therefore, mamanda refers to an honorable uncle, a respectful term used for a family member in the kinship system.
Originally, Musik Panting comes from the Tapin region in South Kalimantan. The panting itself is a plucked string instrument that resembles the Arabic gambus, but it is smaller in size. In the past, musik panting was played solo, with only one person performing. As time progressed and musical tastes evolved, it was found that musik panting could be more captivating when played along with other instruments. Today, it is commonly accompanied by instruments such as the babun (Kendang), agung (gong), and piul (violin), with several musicians performing together. The person who first gave it the name musik panting was A. Sarbaini. To this day, this music remains a well-known traditional music form originating from South Kalimantan.
In addition, there is another traditional music art of the Banjar people called Musik Kentung. This music originates from the Banjar Regency, specifically from Sungai Alat village in Astambul and Bincau village in Martapura. Today, Musik Kentung is becoming increasingly rare. In the past, the instruments were used in competitions. These competitions were not only judged by the sound but also involved magical elements, such as whether the opponent’s instrument would break or fail to produce sound during the contest.
Palace dance is characterized by the term baksa, derived from the Javanese word beksan, which signifies the refinement of movements in the choreography. These dances have existed for hundreds of years since the Hindu era, but their movements and costumes have been adjusted to fit the present-day context. For example, certain movements considered inappropriate according to Islamic customs have been slightly modified.
According to Meratus Dayak legends, Banjarese and Meratus are descendants of related brothers of Datung Ayuh or Sandayuhan who was the ancestor of Meratus Dayak, while Bambang Basiwara or Intingan who was the ancestors of Bajarese. In the legends, Sandayuhan is strong and good at fighting, while Intingan has weaker physique but greater intelligence. This relationship grew strong when both ethnicities faced colonization by the Dutch in the 18th century. Some of the warriors involved in Banjar War are of Dayak ethnicity or have Dayak lineage in their blood.
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